Runtime

draft

Status of this Document

This report was published by the User Journal Graph Community Group . It is not a W3C Standard nor is it on the W3C Standards Track. Please note that under the W3C Community Contributor License Agreement (CLA) there is a limited opt-out and other conditions apply. Learn more about W3C Community and Business Groups .

Last Update: 2026-01-28
Editors: Seva Dolgopolov
Group: User Journal Graph Community Group
Repository: View Source
License: W3C-Software-and-Document

1. Overview

This module defines the data model for recording actual user behavior as a causally ordered event chain. Ordering is established by explicit linkage between events, not by timestamps.

2. Normative Artifacts

This module is published through the following artifacts:

runtime.ttl: ontology, published at https://ujg.specs.openuji.org/ed/ns/runtime
runtime.context.jsonld: JSON-LD term mappings, published at https://ujg.specs.openuji.org/ed/ns/runtime.context.jsonld
runtime.shape.ttl: SHACL validation rules, published at https://ujg.specs.openuji.org/ed/ns/runtime.shape

Examples in this page use an explicit context array composed from the published module contexts. The same composition is also published as the convenience context https://ujg.specs.openuji.org/ed/context.jsonld.

3. Terminology

JourneyExecution: A bounded container for events belonging to one logical trace.
RuntimeEvent: An atomic record of a single runtime moment.
Event Chain: A sequence where each event references its immediate predecessor via previousId.

4. Event Chaining

4.1. Visual Model

graph LR
  subgraph Execution [JourneyExecution]
    direction LR
    E1[Event A, id: e1]
    E2[Event B, id: e2<br/>previousId: e1]
    E3[Event C, id: e3<br/>previousId: e2]
    E1 -->|previousId| E2
    E2 -->|previousId| E3
  end

A JourneyExecution groups the RuntimeEvents for one logical trace. A RuntimeEvent records one runtime moment and may reference its immediate predecessor via previousId; if previousId is omitted, the event is the Root Event.

5. Ontology

The normative Runtime ontology is defined below and is published at https://ujg.specs.openuji.org/ed/ns/runtime. It is the authoritative structural definition for JourneyExecution, RuntimeEvent, and the properties that connect them.

turtle

 @prefix ujg: <https://ujg.specs.openuji.org/ed/ns/core#> .
@prefix ujggraph: <https://ujg.specs.openuji.org/ed/ns/graph#> .
@prefix ujgruntime: <https://ujg.specs.openuji.org/ed/ns/runtime#> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .


<https://ujg.specs.openuji.org/ed/ns/runtime#> a owl:Ontology ;
  rdfs:label "UJG Runtime Editor's Draft Vocabulary"@en ;
  dct:description "UJG Runtime ontology declaration" .

### Classes

ujgruntime:JourneyExecution a owl:Class ;
  rdfs:subClassOf ujg:Node .

ujgruntime:RuntimeEvent a owl:Class ;
  rdfs:subClassOf ujg:Node .

### Properties

ujgruntime:eventRefs a owl:ObjectProperty ;
  rdfs:domain ujgruntime:JourneyExecution ;
  rdfs:range ujgruntime:RuntimeEvent .

ujgruntime:executionId a owl:ObjectProperty ;
  rdfs:domain ujgruntime:RuntimeEvent ;
  rdfs:range ujgruntime:JourneyExecution .

ujgruntime:previousId a owl:ObjectProperty ;
  rdfs:domain ujgruntime:RuntimeEvent ;
  rdfs:range ujgruntime:RuntimeEvent .

ujgruntime:stateRef a owl:ObjectProperty ;
  rdfs:domain ujgruntime:RuntimeEvent ;
  rdfs:range ujggraph:State .

ujgruntime:payload a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
  rdfs:domain ujgruntime:RuntimeEvent ;
  rdfs:range rdf:JSON . 
 @prefix ujg: <https://ujg.specs.openuji.org/ed/ns/core#> .
@prefix ujggraph: <https://ujg.specs.openuji.org/ed/ns/graph#> .
@prefix ujgruntime: <https://ujg.specs.openuji.org/ed/ns/runtime#> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .


<https://ujg.specs.openuji.org/ed/ns/runtime#> a owl:Ontology ;
  rdfs:label "UJG Runtime Editor's Draft Vocabulary"@en ;
  dct:description "UJG Runtime ontology declaration" .

### Classes

ujgruntime:JourneyExecution a owl:Class ;
  rdfs:subClassOf ujg:Node .

ujgruntime:RuntimeEvent a owl:Class ;
  rdfs:subClassOf ujg:Node .

### Properties

ujgruntime:eventRefs a owl:ObjectProperty ;
  rdfs:domain ujgruntime:JourneyExecution ;
  rdfs:range ujgruntime:RuntimeEvent .

ujgruntime:executionId a owl:ObjectProperty ;
  rdfs:domain ujgruntime:RuntimeEvent ;
  rdfs:range ujgruntime:JourneyExecution .

ujgruntime:previousId a owl:ObjectProperty ;
  rdfs:domain ujgruntime:RuntimeEvent ;
  rdfs:range ujgruntime:RuntimeEvent .

ujgruntime:stateRef a owl:ObjectProperty ;
  rdfs:domain ujgruntime:RuntimeEvent ;
  rdfs:range ujggraph:State .

ujgruntime:payload a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
  rdfs:domain ujgruntime:RuntimeEvent ;
  rdfs:range rdf:JSON . 

6. JSON-LD Context

The normative Runtime JSON-LD context is defined below and is published at https://ujg.specs.openuji.org/ed/ns/runtime.context.jsonld. It provides the compact JSON-LD term mappings for Runtime examples, including IRI-valued references and opaque JSON payload values.

json-ld

 {
  "@context": {
    "@version": 1.1,

    "ujgruntime": "https://ujg.specs.openuji.org/ed/ns/runtime#",

    "JourneyExecution": "ujgruntime:JourneyExecution",
    "RuntimeEvent": "ujgruntime:RuntimeEvent",

    "eventRefs": {
      "@id": "ujgruntime:eventRefs",
      "@type": "@id",
      "@container": "@set"
    },
    "executionId": {
      "@id": "ujgruntime:executionId",
      "@type": "@id"
    },
    "previousId": {
      "@id": "ujgruntime:previousId",
      "@type": "@id"
    },
    "stateRef": {
      "@id": "ujgruntime:stateRef",
      "@type": "@id"
    },
    "payload": {
      "@id": "ujgruntime:payload",
      "@type": "@json"
    }
  }
} 
 {
  "@context": {
    "@version": 1.1,

    "ujgruntime": "https://ujg.specs.openuji.org/ed/ns/runtime#",

    "JourneyExecution": "ujgruntime:JourneyExecution",
    "RuntimeEvent": "ujgruntime:RuntimeEvent",

    "eventRefs": {
      "@id": "ujgruntime:eventRefs",
      "@type": "@id",
      "@container": "@set"
    },
    "executionId": {
      "@id": "ujgruntime:executionId",
      "@type": "@id"
    },
    "previousId": {
      "@id": "ujgruntime:previousId",
      "@type": "@id"
    },
    "stateRef": {
      "@id": "ujgruntime:stateRef",
      "@type": "@id"
    },
    "payload": {
      "@id": "ujgruntime:payload",
      "@type": "@json"
    }
  }
} 

7. Validation

The normative Runtime SHACL shape is defined below and is published at https://ujg.specs.openuji.org/ed/ns/runtime.shape. It is the authoritative validation artifact for Runtime structural constraints.

turtle

 @prefix ujggraph: <https://ujg.specs.openuji.org/ed/ns/graph#> .
@prefix ujgruntime: <https://ujg.specs.openuji.org/ed/ns/runtime#> .
@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix ujgruntimeshape: <https://ujg.specs.openuji.org/ed/ns/runtime.shape#> .


ujgruntimeshape:StateLikeShape a sh:NodeShape ;
  sh:nodeKind sh:IRI ;
  sh:or (
    [ sh:class ujggraph:State ]
    [ sh:class ujggraph:CompositeState ]
  ) .

ujgruntimeshape:JourneyExecutionShape a sh:NodeShape ;
  sh:targetClass ujgruntime:JourneyExecution ;
  sh:nodeKind sh:IRI ;

  sh:property [
    sh:path ujgruntime:eventRefs ;
    sh:class ujgruntime:RuntimeEvent ;
    sh:nodeKind sh:IRI ;
    sh:minCount 1 ;
  ] .

ujgruntimeshape:RuntimeEventShape a sh:NodeShape ;
  sh:targetClass ujgruntime:RuntimeEvent ;
  sh:nodeKind sh:IRI ;

  sh:property [
    sh:path ujgruntime:executionId ;
    sh:class ujgruntime:JourneyExecution ;
    sh:nodeKind sh:IRI ;
    sh:minCount 1 ;
    sh:maxCount 1 ;
  ] ;

  sh:property [
    sh:path ujgruntime:previousId ;
    sh:class ujgruntime:RuntimeEvent ;
    sh:nodeKind sh:IRI ;
    sh:maxCount 1 ;
  ] ;

  sh:property [
    sh:path ujgruntime:stateRef ;
    sh:node ujgruntimeshape:StateLikeShape ;
    sh:minCount 1 ;
    sh:maxCount 1 ;
  ] ;

  sh:property [
    sh:path ujgruntime:payload ;
    sh:datatype rdf:JSON ;
    sh:maxCount 1 ;
  ] . 
 @prefix ujggraph: <https://ujg.specs.openuji.org/ed/ns/graph#> .
@prefix ujgruntime: <https://ujg.specs.openuji.org/ed/ns/runtime#> .
@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix ujgruntimeshape: <https://ujg.specs.openuji.org/ed/ns/runtime.shape#> .


ujgruntimeshape:StateLikeShape a sh:NodeShape ;
  sh:nodeKind sh:IRI ;
  sh:or (
    [ sh:class ujggraph:State ]
    [ sh:class ujggraph:CompositeState ]
  ) .

ujgruntimeshape:JourneyExecutionShape a sh:NodeShape ;
  sh:targetClass ujgruntime:JourneyExecution ;
  sh:nodeKind sh:IRI ;

  sh:property [
    sh:path ujgruntime:eventRefs ;
    sh:class ujgruntime:RuntimeEvent ;
    sh:nodeKind sh:IRI ;
    sh:minCount 1 ;
  ] .

ujgruntimeshape:RuntimeEventShape a sh:NodeShape ;
  sh:targetClass ujgruntime:RuntimeEvent ;
  sh:nodeKind sh:IRI ;

  sh:property [
    sh:path ujgruntime:executionId ;
    sh:class ujgruntime:JourneyExecution ;
    sh:nodeKind sh:IRI ;
    sh:minCount 1 ;
    sh:maxCount 1 ;
  ] ;

  sh:property [
    sh:path ujgruntime:previousId ;
    sh:class ujgruntime:RuntimeEvent ;
    sh:nodeKind sh:IRI ;
    sh:maxCount 1 ;
  ] ;

  sh:property [
    sh:path ujgruntime:stateRef ;
    sh:node ujgruntimeshape:StateLikeShape ;
    sh:minCount 1 ;
    sh:maxCount 1 ;
  ] ;

  sh:property [
    sh:path ujgruntime:payload ;
    sh:datatype rdf:JSON ;
    sh:maxCount 1 ;
  ] . 

The rules below define additional causal constraints on event chains beyond the structural constraints captured by the SHACL shape.

Within a single execution (events where executionId equals the JourneyExecution id):

Root: Exactly one event MUST be the Root Event.
Resolution: Every present previousId MUST match the @id of an event in the same execution.
Single Successor: An event @id MUST NOT be referenced as previousId by more than one event in the same execution.
Acyclic: The chain MUST NOT contain cycles.

If any rule above is violated, the JourneyExecution is invalid.

8. Reconstruction

A Consumer reconstructing event order MUST:

Identify the Root Event.
Repeatedly select the unique event whose previousId equals the current event’s @id.
Continue until no successor exists.

9. Appendix: Combined JSON Example

json

 {
  "@context": [
    "https://ujg.specs.openuji.org/ed/ns/core.context.jsonld",
    "https://ujg.specs.openuji.org/ed/ns/graph.context.jsonld",
    "https://ujg.specs.openuji.org/ed/ns/runtime.context.jsonld",
    "https://ujg.specs.openuji.org/ed/ns/experience.context.jsonld"
  ],
  "@id": "https://example.com/ujg/runtime/execution-12345.jsonld",
  "@type": "UJGDocument",
  "specVersion": "1.0",
  "nodes": [
    {
      "@type": "JourneyExecution",
      "@id": "urn:ujg:execution:12345",
      "eventRefs": ["urn:ujg:event:12345:100", "urn:ujg:event:12345:200"]
    },
    {
      "@type": "RuntimeEvent",
      "@id": "urn:ujg:event:12345:100",
      "executionId": "urn:ujg:execution:12345",
      "stateRef": "urn:ujg:state:product-page",
      "payload": { "action": "view" }
    },
    {
      "@type": "RuntimeEvent",
      "@id": "urn:ujg:event:12345:200",
      "executionId": "urn:ujg:execution:12345",
      "previousId": "urn:ujg:event:12345:100",
      "stateRef": "urn:ujg:state:cart",
      "payload": { "item": "shoes" }
    }
  ]
} 
 {
  "@context": [
    "https://ujg.specs.openuji.org/ed/ns/core.context.jsonld",
    "https://ujg.specs.openuji.org/ed/ns/graph.context.jsonld",
    "https://ujg.specs.openuji.org/ed/ns/runtime.context.jsonld",
    "https://ujg.specs.openuji.org/ed/ns/experience.context.jsonld"
  ],
  "@id": "https://example.com/ujg/runtime/execution-12345.jsonld",
  "@type": "UJGDocument",
  "specVersion": "1.0",
  "nodes": [
    {
      "@type": "JourneyExecution",
      "@id": "urn:ujg:execution:12345",
      "eventRefs": ["urn:ujg:event:12345:100", "urn:ujg:event:12345:200"]
    },
    {
      "@type": "RuntimeEvent",
      "@id": "urn:ujg:event:12345:100",
      "executionId": "urn:ujg:execution:12345",
      "stateRef": "urn:ujg:state:product-page",
      "payload": { "action": "view" }
    },
    {
      "@type": "RuntimeEvent",
      "@id": "urn:ujg:event:12345:200",
      "executionId": "urn:ujg:execution:12345",
      "previousId": "urn:ujg:event:12345:100",
      "stateRef": "urn:ujg:state:cart",
      "payload": { "item": "shoes" }
    }
  ]
} 